Organisations not capable of measuring the value being delivered will use proxy measures for performance, such as visibility, known as presenteeism.
Effective remote working requires trust - low-trust environments use presenteeism for performance measurement, as those in the office are being seen and therefore assumed to be doing something productive. Remote workers are not second-class citizens but in such environments they are treat as so.
Poor implementations of hybrid working strengthens presenteeism by not implementing effective working practices to allow contribution on a fair level.