In contrast to physical workers, whose output is in the production of physical material, knowledge workers are in the domain of information.
The outputs of knowledge work can still be measured - for instance in Software Development through the value realised by an end user - with a key skill for a knowledge worker being the management and application of information to a particular problem.
Knowledge work can be conducted through solitary activity, but benefits can be realised through collaborative efforts.
Managing knowledge workers requires different techniques. Taylorism constrains knowledge workers so managers should look more towards Culture by Creating enabling environments for knowledge work.
At the individual level, a knowledge worker should develop systems for effective knowledge management (my attempt of this is in Curating a Digital Garden) and also developing productivity structures to facilitate a state of flow, such as:
Maximising the effectiveness of meetings: Set meeting agendas in advance and Always take meeting notes
Minimising distractions
Refining a Digital Toolbelt
Creating an environment for knowledge work should be a strong desire of any organisation in this space, deeply embedded into the company Culture. For example, Interrupt Knowledge Workers as a last resort
The Taylorist approach to Knowledge Working is to have individuals working individually on individual tasks.
But, this applies to Knowledge Working too.
The biggest risk to productivity in Knowledge Working is context switching.